Physics at a Glance by Tim Mills
Content:
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
Forces and Motion 5
Measuring and describing motion 5
Motion graphs 6
Equations of motion 8
Describing forces 9
Balanced forces – Newton’s first law 10
Unbalanced forces – Newton’s second law 11
Gravitational forces 12
Terminal velocity 13
Projectiles 14
Newton’s third law 15
Momentum and force (Newton’s laws revisited) 16
Momentum conservation and collisions 17
Motion in circles and centripetal forces 19
Moments and stability 20
Energy 21
Types of energy and energy transfers 21
Energy conservation 22
Work done and energy transfer 23
Power 24
Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy 25
Energy calculations 26
Efficiency and the dissipation of energy 27
TRANSFER OF ENERGY
Waves 28
Describing waves 28
Wave speed 29
Electromagnetic waves 30
How electromagnetic waves travel 31
Absorption, reflection and transmission of
electromagnetic waves 32
The Earth’s atmosphere and electromagnetic
radiation 33
Uses of electromagnetic waves, including laser
light 34
Dangers of electromagnetic waves 35
Reflection, refraction and total internal reflection 36
Refractive index and dispersion 38
Diffraction and interference 39
Polarization and photon model of light 40
Seismic waves and the structure of the Earth 41
Sound waves 42
Electrical Energy 43
Static electricity 43
Electric currents 44
Potential difference and electrical energy 45
Energy transfers in series and parallel circuits 46
Resistance 47
Electrical measurements and Ohm’s Law 48
Power in (Ohmic) electrical circuits 49
Properties of some electrical components 50
Potential dividers 52
Electrical cells, alternating and direct current 53
Diodes, rectification and capacitors 54
Mains electricity and wiring 55
Electrical safety 56
Electron beams 57
Magnetic Fields 58
Magnetic fields and the Earth’s magnetic field 58
Electromagnetism and the motor effect 59
Thermal Energy 60
Heat and temperature – what is the difference? 60
Temperature scales 60
Specific and latent heat 61
Heat transfer 1 – conduction 62
Heat transfer 2 – convection 62
Heat transfer 3 – radiation 63
Reducing energy wastage in our homes 64
Kinetic model of gases 65
Gas laws 66
Radioactivity 67
Atomic structure 67
What is radioactivity? 67
A history of our understanding of the atom 68
Background radiation 69
Three types of nuclear radiation 70
Radioactive decay and equations 71
N/Z curve 72
Fundamental particles 73
Half-life 74
Is radiation dangerous? 76
Nuclear fission 77
Nuclear fusion 78
APPLICATIONS OF PHYSICS
How science works 79
The Supply and Use of Electrical Energy 80
Examples of energy transformations involving
electrical devices and the impact of electricity on
society 80
What influences the energy resources we use? 81
Electricity generation (electromagnetic induction) 82
How power stations work 84
The transformer 85
The national grid 86
The environmental impact of electricity generation 87
Renewable energy resources 88
Calculating the cost of the electrical energy we use 90
The motor and dynamo 91
Logic gates 92
Electricity and the human body 94
Transport 95
Stopping distances 95
Road safety 96
Waves and Communications 97
Using waves to communicate 97
Analogue and digital signals 98
AM/FM radio transmission 99
Satellite orbits and their uses 100
Images and ray diagrams 101
Mirrors and lenses, images 102
Optical fibres 104
Ultrasound and its applications 105
Uses of electron beams 106
Beams of light – CDs and relativity 107
Radioactivity 108
How is nuclear radiation used in hospitals? 108
Other uses of radioactivity 109
Radioactive dating 110
Nuclear power and weapons 111
Radioactive waste 112
Our Place in the Universe 113
Geological processes 113
The Solar System 114
Telescopes and types of radiation used to learn about
the Universe 115
The motion of objects in the sky 116
Exploring space 117
Forces in the Solar System 118
The structure of the Universe 119
The Sun 120
Stars and their spectra 121
The life story of a star 122
How did the Solar System form? 124
The expanding Universe 125
APPENDICES
Formulae 127
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